Utilization of latent heat for generating a motor



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

W. S. GOLWELL.

UTILIZATION OF LATENT HEAT FOR GENERATING A MOTOR.

Patented Oct. 31, 1882.

j -INVENTOR.

WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

. S. OOLWELL.

UTILIZATION 01E LATENT HEAT FOR GENERATING A MOTOR. No. 266,952.

Patented Oct. 31, 1882.

llllll l IIIIIII WITNESSES #121. fAwi-hg.

ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. PhvkrLilhcgnphnr. Washington. D. c.

(No Model.) 3 sheets sheet 3.

/ w. s. GOLWELL.

UTILIZATION OF LATENT HEAT FOR GENERATING A MOTOR. No. 266,952. PatentedOct. 31, 1882..

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UNrri; STATES PATENT rarest WILLIAM S. OOLWELL, OF PITTSBURG,PENNSYLVANIA.

UTILIZATION OF LATENT HEAT FOR GENERATING A MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 266,952, dated October31, 1882.

Application filed August 30, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. GoLW LL, of Pittsburg, in the county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Utilization of Latent Heat for Generating a Motor; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a fulland exact descriptionthereof, reference heinghad to the accompanyingdrawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to an improvement in motors; and it consists of avapor evolved from bisnlphide of carbonthrough the medium of the latentelements of static and specific heats transmitted to the bisulphide ofcarbon through the medium of steam generated from water, and applyingsaid vapor of bisulphide of carbon to the piston of an enginefor thepurpose of operating it, as will hereinafter more fully and at largeappear, my present invention being an improvement upon theinventionsdescribed in Letters Patent granted to me September 16, 1879, No.219,622, October 7, 1879, No. 220,220, and March 23, 1880, No. 225,689.

In order that the nature of my present invention may be properlyunderstood, I will state briefly some facts connected with water andbisulphide of carbon, which are the two liquids I employ for producing amotor by the utilization of the latent heat of steam. The boiling-pointof water is 212 Fahrenheit, and the latent heat of its steam 966Fahrenheit, and its specific heatis greater than that ofany otherliquid, and its tension and expansive force is increased with everydegree of heat added, and said tension and force diminished with everydegree of heat taken from it. The boiling-pointof bisulphide of carbonis 118 Fahrenheit, and the latent heat of its vapor is 156 Fahrenheit,and its specific heat is less than onethird of thatof water, while itstension and expansive force are like that of water, dependingdirectlyupon thetemperature applied to it. To illustrate the dilference betweenthe action of heat upon the two liquids named: To raise one pound ofwater from Fahrenheit to 230 Fahrenheit and evaporate it at that point,eleven hundred and thirty-twothen mal units (or degrees of heat) will berequired. To raise one pound of bisnlphide ofcarbon from 50 Fahrenheitto 230 Fahrenheit and evaporate it at that point, it will require twohundred and sixteen thermal units, (or degrees of heat.) Therefore waterand bisulphide of carbon are to each other as eleven hundred andthirty-two is to two hundred and six-' teen at the temperature named. Itis a fact known to scientists that the tension or force of all vapors isthe same at an equal distance above or below their respectiveboiling-points. Now, eleven hundred and thirty-two thermal units (ordegrees of heat) applied to water will give a pressure of twenty-onepounds to the square inch, or will show six pounds pressure on thepressure-gage of the steamgenerator, while two hundred and sixteenther-' mal units (or degrees of heat) applied to bi sulphide of carbonwill give a pressure of eighty-three pounds to the square inch, and willshow a pressure'of sixty-eight pounds on the pressure-gage of thebisulphide-of-carbon boiler.

The object of my invention is to utilize this latent heat for evolvingliquid hisulphide of carbon into a vapor for a motor by the process andmeans hereinafter described.

To enableothers skilled in the artwith which my invention is most nearlyconnected to make and use it, I will proceed to describe itsconstruction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of my specification,Figure l is a top view of the engine, steam-generator,bisulphide-ofcarbon boiler, condenser, heater, 'pump, and the severalconnecting-pipes, showing their relative arrangement with relation toeach other. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is avertical and longitudinal section of the case that surrounds thebisulphide-of-carbon boiler, representing a portion of the shell of thebisulphide-of-carbon boiler broken away for the purpose of showing theinternal arrangement of its ppes and tubes. Fig. 4-. is a verticaltransverse section of the bisulphide-of carbon boiler at line 1 y ofFig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the heater for heating thebisulphide of carbon after being exhausted from the engine and condensedby the condenser and prior to being forced into the bisulphide-of'carbonboiler by the pump.. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the pump employed forforcing the bisulphide of carbon into its boiler,

representing the upper portion, which surrounds the piston, in section.Fig. 7 represents a section of the cylinder-head and the arrangement ofthe parts connected therewith employed for the purpose of packing thepistonrod.

Figs. 6 and 7 represent devices which are of great advantage to theapparatus or engine hereinafter described,but are adapted to other uses.Therefore I disclaim them in this application, reserving the right,however, to make them the subject-matter of other applications forLetters Patent of the United States.

Reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, A represents anordinary vertical boiler or steam-generator, provided with the usualappendages. The steam -conduit to is connected with a regulating-valve,B, which acts in conjunction with a valve, 0, used for the purpose ofregulating the flow ofsteam into case It, for generating heatin thebisulphide-ofcarbon boiler E, the construction of which valves and theiroperation are fully described in Letters Patent Nos. 220,220 and225,689, heretofore cited, and therefore need not be further describedin this application. The bisulphide-of-carbon boiler E is of peculiarconstruction and operation, and is different from that described in thebefore-mentioned patents. I will therefore proceed to describe saidboiler in all its details.

Reference being had to Figs. 3 and 4, k represents the casing whichsurrounds the shell 0 of the boiler E, which is furnished with a largenumber of tubes, (1, extending longitudinally through the boiler andsecured in the ends thereof in the'usual way.

The head 6 of one end of the boiler extends beyond thediameter of theshell 0 sufficient to form a suitable bearing or flange for attaching itto the flange of the case it, to which is also attached the flange ofthe part N, which forms a distributing or circulating chamber, 0.

On one end and each side of the outer wall of the shell 0 of the boilerEare secured flanges P, which are attached to and rest upon similarflanges on the inner side walls and one end of the case 70, whichflanges are so attached to each other as to form a steam-tightjoint.

In the boiler E, aboveits tubes d,is arranged a perforated pipe, L,extending longitudinally from end to end of said boiler, andcommunicates with a pipe, M, which pipe passes through the shell 0 andthrough the case k, which surrounds said boiler. In the upper side ofthe pipe L are a large number of perforations and in the lower side aless number, the latter perforations being employed for draining saidpipe in case of condensation ofthe steam. The pipe L is used for thepurpose of drawing off the vapor evenly and uniformly from all parts ofthe boiler.

On the under side of the boiler E, in the spacef formed by the case 70,is arranged a perforated pipe, B, which communicates with a steam-pipe,S, and is employed for the distribution of steam around the lower halfof the shell 0 of the boiler E, the steam being confined around thelower half of said'boiler through the medium of the flanges P, andcaused to flow through the tubes 61 into the circulating or distributingchamber 0, from which it flows back through the tubes (1 above theflanges P, and surrounds the upper half of theboiler, as indicated bythe arrows gand h.

The part Nand the end T are stayed through the medium of stay-rods i,which pass through the tubes (1 and through said end and part N, and aresecured thereto by screw-nuts w. The pipe M communicates with the steamchest and cylinderot' the engineE, andissurrounded with a casing orpipe, U, which communicates with the steam-space f around the upper halfof the boiler E, and with the casing that surrounds the steam chest andcylinder of the engine E, which engine is of ordinary construction andoperation. By this construction and arrangement of the boiler E, caseit, chamber 0, and pipes L and R the steam is distributed thoroughlyover the entire surface of the shell 0, and caused to travel through thetubesd in one direction in the lower half of the boiler E and in anopposite direction through the tubes 6?, located above the flanges P,the steam acting first on the lower half of the shell 0 of the boiler E,heating it, then heating the tubes 01 in that part, and then passinginto chamber 0, and from it entering the tubes (1 above the flanges P,heating them, and, passing from them, enters the upper half of thesteam-space f, spreading over the upper surface ofthe'shell 0, heatingit, and passes into the case U and the casing which surrounds the steamchest and cylinder of the engine F, so that the bisulphide-of-carbonvapor evolved in the boiler E iscontinuously heated by the steam,transmittingits latent heat to said vapor until it has performed itsoflice upon the piston of the engine F.

The bisulphide-of-carbon boiler is provided with pressure-gages W X andsightgage Y. The gage WVis for showing the pressurein the boiler E andthe gage Xfor indicating the steam-pressure in the casing is, and'thesightgage for indicating the liquid bisulphide of carbon in the boilerE.

The pipe M, which communicates with the interior of the boiler E, isprovided with a safety-valve, I, which communicates through the mediumof pipe Z with an ordinary surface condenser, H, whereby, incase ofundue pressure in the boiler E, the surplus of vapor is allowed to flowoif through pipel to said condenser, and from it passes to the pump K.

The heater G is what is known as a surface heater, and is employed forthe purpose of heating the bisulphide of carbon prior to entering theboiler E, and is provided with a coiled pipe, m, which is arranged in aspiral form in said heater, traveling up and then down through it,terminating at n, and is connected with the pipe 0, .which communicateswith the interior of the bisulphide-of-carbon' boiler E, said coiledpipe at communicating with the pump K. The exhaust-pipe (shown in Figs.l and2) communicates with the lower end of the heater Gr, andit with thecondenser H by means of pipe q, the condenser communicating with thepump K through the medium ot a pipe, 4. By this construction of theheater Gr and its arrangement and connections with theparts stated theliquid bisulphide of carbon, in passing from the condenser through pipe9' to the pump K, and from it, through pipe S, passing up through anddown the spiral coil m and through pipe 0, enters theboilerEinahighly-heated co'ndition,which heat is imparted to it by thevapor exhausted from the engine.

Another and. very important advantage is obtained by this arrangement ofthe heater G and its connectionsto wit, the liquid bisulphide of carbon,in its passage from the condenser to the boiler, as stated, is heated tothe vaporizing-point, which vapor in a saturated condition is forcedinto the boiler by a volume of the liquid bisulphide ofcarbonactingagainst said conditioned vapor in the pipe m, which volume ofliquid bisulphide of carbon is always between the pump K and somepointin the pipe at of the heater G, thus securing a result not heretoforeobtained in the operation of an engine-viz., forcing the vapor ofbisulphide of carbon into the vaporizing-generator'orbisulphide-of-carbon boiler.

The advantage of the heater G in connection with thebisulphide-ot-carbon engine consists in avoiding the introduction intothe evolvingchamber of cold liquid bisulphide of carbon, which isalwaysattended with bad results, by subjecting the generator or boiler toundue strain, caused by the sudden condensation of the vapor in it, andthen rapidly expanding the cold liquid into vapor. This sudden alternatecondensation and rapid expansion subjects the material of which thegenerator or boiler is constructed to such frequentlyrepeatedcontractions, expansions, and strains as to cause crystallization, andtherefore weakening said material, and thereby rendering the generatoror boiler unfit for use and liable to accident. The forcing or injectinginto the generator or boiler ofcold liquid bisulphide ofcarbon causes ahammering, thumping, and jarring action in it, which is transmitted toall parts connected therewith.

All of these stated disadvantages are overcome or avoided by the use ofthe heater G for heating the bisulphide of carbon priorto beingforcedtinto the generator or boiler by the pump in the mannerhereinbefore described, and at the same time regains the sensible heatof the bisulphide of carbon lost by the condensation of its vaporexhausted from the engine.

The casing of the steam chest and cylinder I of the engine F and thecasing of the bisulphide-of-carbon boiler E communicate with the Waterpump D by means of pipe as, which should be provided with an ordinarysteamtrap,so that said casings will retain the steam in them, and onlythe product of condensation be carried to the pump D. The cylinder,valves, valve-seats, piston, and rods connected therewith are lubricatedwith pulverized plumbago by introducing it into the steam -ch est of thecylinder by means of the lubricating apparatus J, which consists of acapped hopper, l, and receiving and distributing chamber 2, said partscommunicating with each other by a pipe, 7, in two parts, furnished withvalves 5 and 6, the point of separation being between said valves. Theupper part of the receiving and distributing chamber 2 communicates withthe steam pipe or conduit M by means of a pipe, 3, provided with avalve,8, and thelower end of said chamber communicates with thesteam-chest by means of a pipe, 4, provided with a val've, 9.

The operation of the lubricating apparatus J is as follows: The plumbagois charged into the hopper 1 and the valves 5 and 6 of pipe 7 opened,which will allow the pulverized plumbago to flow into the receiving anddistributing chamber 2. The valves 5 and 6 are the-n closed and thevalves 8 and 9 of the pipes 3 and 4 opened very little. The vaporflowing through pipe 3 from the pipe M into the upper part of thechamber 2 will cause a tine stream of the pulverized plumbago to flowthrough pipe 4:.

ICO

Lubricants consisting of a single ingredient are very numerous, amongwhich may be mentioned the several known oils, tallow, glycerine,litharge, plumbago, black-lead, beeswax, and many other articles, andthe ingredients or-articles mentioned have been compounded in almostevery conceivable way for forming lubricants, and I am' aware thatglycerine, litharge, petroleum-oil, oleaginous matter, and other thingshave been used for the purpose of lubricating bisulphide-of-carbonengines, and that they have failed to meet the end desired as alubricant for such engines. This is due to the fact that as soon as thelubricant comes in contact with the heated vapor ot' bisulphide ofcarbon the latter takes up the oleaginous matter and deposits a part ofits sulphur, and the vapor carries over to the condenser that part ofthe lubricant which it has taken up, so that no element having anylubricating qualities comes in contact with the workingsurfaces of theengine which require lubrication, and said vapor, taking up the oilymatter and depositing part of its sulphur, will in a short time destroyor render the bisulphide of .carbon inefficient for the purposes of amotor.

In the Letters Patent herein cited are set forth fully the effectsproduced upon the working-surfaces ot' the engine by the heated vaporsof bisulphide of carbon and the disadvantages which follow saidefl'ects.

from the least sign of oxidation.

In Letters Patent No. 225,689 I describe and claim a lubricantconsisting of petroleum-oil, black-lead, or plumbago which I found to bethe best lubricant known at the date of said patent forbisulphide-of-carbon engines; but in the use of said lubricant Idiscovered that pure plumbago alone formed a most excellent lubricantfor such engines.

\Vhen the plumb-ago is applied in the mann er hereinbefore describeditis deposited evenly upon all parts of the engne which require to belubricated, filling up the pores of the working-surfaces of the valves,valve-seats, piston, cylinder,.and the rodsconnected therewith, causingsaid working-surfaces to become coated with a thinsmoothcoatingofenamel, which is impervious to damp and atmospheric influences.

For the purpose of securing the best result as a lubricant forbisulphide-ot carbon engines the plumbago must be pure, with thintlexible laminae. When the plumbago is of this character a very smallquantity will be sufficient for lubricating the working parts of theengine herein mentioned, not requiring more than eight ounces of saidplumbago daily for an engine of fifty horse-power, and therefore forms avery cheap lubricant for the purpose stated, not costing over threecents per day for an engine of the power stated. I have discovered byexperience that parts ofbisulphideot-carbon engines which had beenfrequently lubricated while in use, and afterward exposed to damp andatmospheric influence for a period of ten months were found to beentirely free This is due to some cause unexplained, and in the presentstate of knowledge of chemistry is unexplain able. I therefore can onlystate the facts and results discovered, which are of the greatestimportance in theart of operating bisulphide-ofcarbon engines; but thatsome inexplicable union or combination of the heated vapors of thebisulphide of carboi'i and the plumbago is formed is certain, and thatsuch union or combination and that of the heated surfaces of themetalpreviously subjected to the action of said vapors have an affinity foreach other is bisulphide of carbon is charged into the boiler E andsteam generated in the steam-generator A until the desired pressure isobtained, which is then allowed to flow through regulating-valves B(Jinto the case It, surrounding the boiler E, the heat of whichsteamwill evolve a vapor from the liquid bisulphide of carbon in said boiler,and when the desired pressure is obtained by the heat acting upon saidboiler in the manner herein described the operator or engineer opens thethrottle of the engine, which will allow the vapor of the bisulphide ofcarbon to act upon the piston, the engine receiving and exhausting saidvapor in all respects the same as the ordinary steam-engine. Theexhausted vapor from the cylinder of the engine F passes through pipepinto the heater G, andt'rom it, through pipe g, to the condenser H,where it is condensed into a liquid, which flows through pipe 0" to thepump K, which forces it through pipe S into the coiled pipe 112, whereit is heated by the exhaust-vapor and forced into thebisulphide-ofcarbon boiler, in the manner and in the conditionhereinbefore described.

It will be observed that in this operation of evolving the bisulphide ofcarbon and utilizing its vapors as a motor by means of steam generatedin the boiler A the latent heat of the steam is utilized, so that thereis onlya loss of one hundred and fifty-six thermal units (or degrees ofheat) occasioned by the condensation of the exhausted vapor of thebisulphide of carbon, for the water formed by the condensation of thesteam that takes place in the case It is returned to the boiler Athrough the medium ot'the pu mp1) at its boiling-point, or 212Fahrenheit, thus saving and utilizing 96b of latent heat ofthe steamless one hundred and fifty-six thermal units (or degrees of heat) lostin the condensation of the vapor exhausted fiOllldllG engine.

The steam yields up its latent heat by transmitting it to the bisulphideof carbon in the boiler E, and said latent heat, and it alone, evolvesthe bisulphide of carbon into a vapor for a motor, for the water at alltimes retains all of its sensible heat, and therefore can in the processdescribed only surrender the latent heat of its steam.

Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as of my inventionis 1. In a lJlSHIIHIlClG-Of-CHIbOI] engine, the process hereinbeforedescribed-viz., evolving steam from water and utilizing thelatent heatthereof by causing said steam to travel circuitously over the exteriorand through the tubes in the interior of the boiler charged with liquidbisulphide ofcarbon, and thereby transmit said latent heat to saidbisulphide of carbon for evolving a vapor therefrom for a motor.

2. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the process hereinbet'oredeseribedviz., evolving steam from water and utilizing thelatent heatthereof by causing said steam to travel circuitously over the exteriorand through the tubes in the interior of the boiler charged with liquidbisulphide ofcarbon, and therebytransmit said latent heat to saidbisulphide of carbon for evolving a vapor therefrom for a motor, andcontinuously heating said vapor inits passage from said boiler and untilit has performed its office upon the piston of the engine, as and forthe purpose set forth.

3. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the pro cess hereinbeforedescribed-viz., evolving steam from water and utilizing the latent heatthereof by causing said steam to travel circuitously over the exteriorand through the tubes in the interior of the boiler charged with liquidbisulphide of carbon, and thereby transmit said latent heat to saidbisulphide of carbon for evolving a vapor therefrom for a motor, andcontinuously heating said vapor in its passage from said boiler anduntil it has performed its office upon the piston of the engine, andcondensing said vapor after being exhausted from said engine, andsubsequently heating the product thereof by vapor exhausted from saidengine, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the process hereinbeforedescribed-viz., evolving steam from water and utilizing the latent heatthereof by causing said steam to travel circuitously over the exteriorand through the tubes in the interior of the boiler charged with liquidbisulphideof carbon, and thereby transmitsaid latent heat to saidbisulphide of carbon for evolving a vapor therefrom for a motor, andcontinuously heating said vapor in its passage from said boiler anduntil it has performed its office upon the piston of the engine, andcondensin g said vapor after being exhausted from said engine, andsubsequently heating the product thereof by vapor exhausted from saidengine, and forcing saturated vapor evolved from said condensedproductinto said boilerthrough the medium of a pump and a volume ofheated liquid bisulphide of carbon, for the purpose set forth.

5. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the combination of a heater forheating a liquid product obtained from the vapor exhausted from theengine, a pump, and vapor-generator, substantially as herein described,and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the combination of a boiler orsteam-gen erator, a boiler for evolving the bisulphide of carbon, aheater, condenser, and a pump whereby the vapor exhausted from theengine may be returned to said boiler or generator, substantially asherein described, and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a bisulphide-ofcarbon engine, a boiler orgenerator for evolvingliquid bisulphide of carbon into a vapor, said boiler or generatorsurrounded with a case divided into two compartments, f, communicatingwith each other through the medium of tubes passing through said boiler,and communicating with the circulating-chamber O, substantially asherein described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, a boiler or generator for evolvingliquid bisulphide of carbon into a vapor, said boiler or generatorsurrounded with a case divided into two compartments communicating witheach other through the medium of tubes passing through said boiler, areceiving and circulating chamber, and a perforated pipe, R,substantially as herein described, and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a bisulphide-of-ca-rbon engine, an apparatus for lubricating withplumbago the valves, valve-seats, cylinder, piston, and rods connectedtherewith by the pressure of vapor of bisulphide of carbon being appliedto the upper surface of the plumbago for forcing it into the valvechamber or chambers and cylinder of the engine, substantially as hereindescribed, and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, an apparatus for lubricating withplumbago the valves, valve-seats, cylinder, piston, and rods connectedtherewith, said apparatus consisting of a hopper communicating with areceiving and distributing chamber, which communicates with thevapor-generator and the valve chamber or chambers and the cylinder ofthe engine, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11.. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the apparatus J for lubricatingwith plumbago the valves, valve-seats, cylinder, piston, and rodsconnected therewith, said apparatus consisting of hopper 1, receivingand distributing chamber 2, and pipes 3, 4, and 7, furnished withvalves, substantially as for the purpose set forth.. 7

12. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the union or combination ofplumbago and vapor of bisulphide of carbon for a lubricant for thevalves, valve-seats, cylinder, piston, and the rods connected therewith,substantially as'and for the purpose set forth.

. WILLIAM S. COLWELL.

Witnesses 4 r A. G. JOHNSTON,

J AMES J. JOHNSTON.

